Carcinogens. Initiators, Tumor . Promoters, Tumor . Oncogens . Tumor Initiators . Tumor Promoters . Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included. . 1.00
Carcinogenesis. Oncogenesis . Carcinogeneses . Oncogeneses . Tumorigeneses . Tumorigenesis . The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. . 0.83
Carcinogenicity Tests. Carcinogen Tests . Carcinogenesis Tests . Carcinogenic Activity Tests . Carcinogenic Potency Tests . Carcinogen Test . Carcinogenesis Test . Carcinogenic Activity Test . Carcinogenic Potency Test . Carcinogenicity Test . Potency Test, Carcinogenic . Potency Tests, Carcinogenic . Test, Carcinogen . Test, Carcinogenesis . Test, Carcinogenic Activity . Test, Carcinogenic Potency . Test, Carcinogenicity . Test, Tumorigenicity . Tests, Carcinogen . Tests, Carcinogenesis . Tests, Carcinogenic Activity . Tests, Carcinogenic Potency . Tests, Carcinogenicity . Tests, Tumorigenicity . Tumorigenicity Test . Tumorigenicity Tests . Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values. . 0.76
Carcinoma. Epithelial Tumors, Malignant . Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms . Neoplasms, Malignant Epithelial . Anaplastic Carcinoma . Anaplastic Carcinomas . Carcinoma, Spindle Cell . Carcinomas . Carcinomatoses . Epithelial Neoplasm, Malignant . Epithelial Tumor, Malignant . Epitheliomas . Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm . Malignant Epithelial Tumor . Malignant Epithelial Tumors . Neoplasm, Malignant Epithelial . Spindle-Cell Carcinoma . Spindle-Cell Carcinomas . Tumor, Malignant Epithelial . Undifferentiated Carcinoma . Undifferentiated Carcinomas . Epithelioma . Carcinoma, Anaplastic . Carcinoma, Spindle-Cell . Carcinoma, Undifferentiated . Carcinomatosis . Epithelial Neoplasms, Malignant . A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. . 0.74
Carcinoid Tumor. Argentaffinomas . Carcinoid Tumors . Carcinoids . Carcinoids, Goblet Cell . Goblet Cell Carcinoid . Goblet Cell Carcinoids . Tumor, Carcinoid . Tumors, Carcinoid . Argentaffinoma . Carcinoid, Goblet Cell . Carcinoid . A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182) . 0.72
