Oncogenes. Oncogene . Transforming Gene . Gene, Transforming . Genes, Transforming . Transforming Genes . Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene. . 0.52
Carcinogens. Initiators, Tumor . Promoters, Tumor . Oncogens . Tumor Initiators . Tumor Promoters . Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included. . 0.52
Oxyphil Cells. Askenazy Cells . Cells, Askenazy . Cells, Hurthle . Cells, Oxyphil . Hurthle Cells . Oncocytes . Large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askenazy cells. . 0.48
Retroviridae. C Oncovirus, Type . C Oncoviruses, Type . Leukemogenic Virus . Leukovirus . Oncornavirus . Oncovirus . Oncovirus, Type C . RNA Tumor Virus . Retrovirus . Tumor Virus, RNA . Tumor Viruses, RNA . Type C Oncovirus . Virus, Leukemogenic . Virus, RNA Tumor . Viruses, Leukemogenic . Viruses, RNA Tumor . Leukemogenic Viruses . Retroviruses . Oncovirinae . Oncoviruses, Type C . Leukoviruses . Oncornaviruses . Oncoviruses . RNA Tumor Viruses . Type C Oncoviruses . Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES). . 0.48